Each irrigation method suits different conditions.
Furrow and flood
Low equipment cost, but efficiency is often 40–60% and levelling and labour matter. Good for field crops on level, heavier soils with cheap water.
Sprinkler
Good for uneven land and light soils; efficiency of roughly 70–80%. Wind and evaporation cut uniformity in hot, windy weather; wetting leaves can raise disease.
Drip
Highest efficiency (often 85–95%), water goes to the root zone, and it allows fertigation. Higher setup cost and needs filtration and maintenance. Best for vegetables, orchards and high-value crops, and wherever water is scarce.
How to choose
Compare water price, crop value, soil, slope and labour over several seasons, not only the purchase price.
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